Abū Bakr al-Rāzī
Medicine & experiments
Pioneers
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Al-Bīrūnī
Earth & observation
Al-Idrīsī
Maps & places
Al-Jazarī
Machines & making
Al-Karajī
Algebra & patterns
Al-Khwārizmī
Numbers & algebra
Al-Zahrāwī
Medicine & useful design
Banū Mūsā brothers
Machines & teamwork
Fāṭima al-Fihrī
Learning & community
Ibn al-Bayṭār
Plants & observation
Ibn al-Haytham
Light & seeing
Ibn al-Nafīs
Heart & lungs
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
Travel & learning
Ibn Sīnā
Medicine & careful study
Ibn Yūnus
Stars & patient observation
Jamshīd al-Kāshī
Decimals & calculation
Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī
Astronomy & shared knowledge
Omar Khayyām
Numbers & poetry
Ulugh Beg
Stars & measurement
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī
Stars & sky maps
A. C. Crombie
History of science, cited for an assessment of ʿAlī ibn Riḍwān’s contribution to induction.
Abdal Hakim Murad (Timothy Winter)
Islamic teaching and scholarship, translation, and the development of Cambridge Muslim College.
Abū al-Barakāt al-Bakrī
Teaching and religious transmission associated by the creator with the conversion of the Maldives.
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī
The theological tradition discussed through the Ashʿari school and later scholars.