Abū al-Qāsim al-Shāriʿī
Introduced ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī to works of al-Fārābī, Alexander of Aphrodisias, and Themistius.
Pioneers
Sign in to create personalized posters and printable learning resources.
Abū Bakr al-Ṭurṭūshī
Political thought, especially Sirāj al-Mulūk (The Lamp of Kings).
Al-Fārābī
Political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics, logic, and music theory.
Al-Ghazālī
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn, spiritual and ethical instruction, and writing on religious life and philosophy.
Al-Māwardī
Political and ethical counsel represented in the account’s quotations.
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Philosophical writings introduced to ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī during his studies in Cairo.
Aristotle
Logic, philosophy, and natural philosophy as intellectual sources examined by later thinkers.
Arthur Schopenhauer
Mentioned among the Western philosophers studied during Aisha Bewley’s intellectual search.
Charles Taylor
Analysis of the secular age, including changes to public life, belief, and the conditions under which people believe.
Emir ʿAbd al-Qādir
Sufi scholarship and ethical leadership discussed alongside resistance to French colonial rule.
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī
Theology, logic, philosophical and medical commentary, and criticism of cosmological assumptions.
Francis Bacon
Discussed as a later contributor to the scientific method in a post about Jābir ibn Ḥayyān.
Frantz Fanon
Political and social thought represented by an attributed quotation.
Friedrich Nietzsche
Discussed in an attributed quotation by Iqbāl and in the biography of Aisha Bewley.
G. W. F. Hegel
Mentioned among the Western philosophers studied during Aisha Bewley’s intellectual search.
George Makari
Historical analysis of changing ideas about mind, soul, and the Enlightenment, quoted in the long secularism thread.
Hamza al-Bakri
Scholarship in the rational sciences, mentioned alongside ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Turkmani.
Ibn Bājja
Writings on philosophy, physics, astronomy, music, and botany, including Kitāb al-Nabāt.
Ibn Ḥazm
Writing in theology, jurisprudence, philosophy, history, and literature.
Ibn Miskawayh
Philosophical ethics and historical writing.
Ibn Rushd
Commentaries on Aristotle and writings across philosophy, medicine, theology, and law.
Ibn Sabʿīn
Sufi philosophy and responses to questions attributed to Frederick II.
Ibn Ṭufayl
Authored Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, a philosophical narrative exploring knowledge and human development.
Ibn Ẓafar al-Ṣiqillī
Political philosophy in Norman Sicily; described by the creator as a precursor to Machiavelli.