ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III

“…in Spain occurred during the reign of ‘ Abd al-Rahman III, from 912 to 961. During his almost half-century in power, he declared himself as caliph of the Muslim The Great Mosque of…”

“…of Sunni Islam as a political force. ‘ Abd al-Rahman III was a true patron of the arts and sciences, on the same level as the earlier Abbasid al-Ma’mun and the later Ottoman…”

“…between Mozarabs and Muslims at the time of 'Abd al- Rahman III, as well as the great cultural and artistic achievements of his reign. In thi s time of peace and tolerance, art…”

“…comi ng from distinguished families, had long names. 'Abd al-Rahman III (891-961); the caliph of Cordoba, Spain (912-961); a man of wisdom and patron of arts; founder of Madinat al-Zahra (a city now…”